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1.
West Afr J Med ; 40(11): 1232-1239, 2023 Nov 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38099481

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Early childhood caries (ECC) is characterized by "the presence of one or more decayed (non-cavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries), or filled surfaces, in any primary tooth in a child 71 months of age or younger". There have been reports of increased incidence of caries in developing countries.A systematic analysis of the global burden of diseases, injuries and risk factors for 195 countries from 1990 to 2015 reported that almost 8% of children globally were affected by untreated ECC. As such, ECC was classified as one of the diseases of public health concern because it affects millions of infants and preschool children worldwide. This study aimed to review the prevalence and associated factors of early childhood caries in Nigeria and also provides current overview alongside globally recommended treatment guidelines. DATA SOURCE: PubMed database, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (to February 2022) was used for articles search on the guidelines and recommendations for the treatment of ECC. Guidelines and recommendations published by the American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, International Association of Paediatric Dentistry and European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry from 2017-2020 were retrieved. The following keys used in the MeSH were 'early childhood caries among Nigerian children, 'caries in preschool Nigerian children' 'treatment guidelines', 'treatment policies'and 'treatment recommendations. STUDY SELECTION: A total of 105 (24 plus 81) articles were retrieved but 21(15 plus 6 articles) were selected after the removal of non-specific and duplicated articles. RESULTS: The prevalence of early childhood caries ranged from 4.3-23.5% in Nigeria while the treatment guidelines and recommendations were case-specific. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of early childhood caries varies within the country's geo-political zones.


CONTEXTE: Les caries de la petite enfance (CPE) se caractérisent par "la présence d'une ou de plusieurs surfaces cariées (lésions non cavités ou cavités), manquantes (en raison de caries) ou obturées, sur une ou plusieurs dents primaires chez un enfant de 71 mois ou moins". Des rapports ont fait état d'une incidence accrue de caries dans les pays en développement. Une analyse systématique de la charge mondiale des maladies, des blessures et des facteurs de risque pour 195 pays de 1990 à 2015 a indiqué qu'environ 8 % des enfants dans le monde étaient touchés par des CPE non traitées. En tant que tel, les CPE ont été classées comme l'une des maladies préoccupantes pour la santé publique car elles touchent des millions de nourrissons et de jeunes enfants dans le monde. Cette étude visait à examiner la prévalence et les facteurs associés des caries de la petite enfance au Nigeria et à fournir une vue d'ensemble actuelle ainsi que des lignes directrices de traitement recommandées au niveau mondial. SOURCE DES DONNÉES: La base de données PubMed, le Registre Cochrane central des essais contrôlés et la base de données Cochrane des revues systématiques (jusqu'à février 2022) ont été utilisés pour la recherche d'articles sur les lignes directrices et recommandations pour le traitement des CPE. Les lignes directrices et recommandations publiées par l'American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, l'International Association of Paediatric Dentistry et l'European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry de 2017 à 2020 ont été récupérées. Les termes suivants ont été utilisés dans le MeSH : 'caries de la petite enfance chez les enfants nigérians', 'caries chez les enfants préscolaires nigérians', 'lignes directrices de traitement', 'politiques de traitement' et 'recommandations de traitement'. SÉLECTION DES ÉTUDES: Un total de 105 (24 plus 81) articles ont été récupérés, mais 21 (15 plus 6 articles) ont été sélectionnés après la suppression des articles non spécifiques et en double. RÉSULTATS: La prévalence des caries de la petite enfance variait de 4,3 % à 23,5 % au Nigeria, tandis que les lignes directrices et recommandations de traitement étaient spécifiques à chaque cas. CONCLUSION: La prévalence des caries de la petite enfance variait au sein des zones géopolitiques du pays. Mots-clés: Caries de la petite enfance, CPE, Lignes directrices de traitement.


Assuntos
Suscetibilidade à Cárie Dentária , Cárie Dentária , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/terapia , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Guias como Assunto
2.
Niger J Clin Pract ; 26(8): 1121-1127, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37635605

RESUMO

Introduction: The study determined the proportion of rural parents with good knowledge about and good attitude toward children making their first dental visit by their first birthday. It also assessed the association among age, sex, level of education, past dental visits of parents, and knowledge about and good attitude toward children making their first dental visit by their first birthday. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that collected data from 115 parents in a rural setting using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data on age, sex, level of education, past dental visits, knowledge about, and attitude toward children making their first dental visit by their first birthday were collected from one of the parents of children aged 16 years and below. Socio-demographic factors associated with knowledge about and attitude to a child's dental visit were considered significant at the level of P < 0.05 using the Chi-square test. Logistic regression was conducted to determine the predictor of good knowledge. Results: The age of the study participants ranged from 15 years to 63 years with a mean of 40 ± 15.51 years. Only 25 (21.7%) parents had visited the dentist. More females 31 (40.3%) than males 6 (15.8%) significantly (P = 0.008) had good knowledge of child dental visits while more males 12 (31.6%) than females 6 (7.8%) (P = 0.001) and a greater percentage of those with past dental visits 8 (32.0%) had significantly (P = 0.02) good attitude to child dental visit. Conclusion: More mothers had good knowledge of child dental visits, while more fathers and those with past dental visits had a good attitude toward child dental visits.


Assuntos
Mães , Pais , Feminino , Masculino , Criança , Humanos , Adolescente , Nigéria , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade
3.
West Afr J Med ; 39(9): 909-915, 2022 Sep 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36125965

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The use of face masks and gloves can prevent possible cross infection between dental patients and health care practitioners. AIM: The study identified the perception of paediatric dental patients on the need for dentists to use face masks and gloves; and their attitude towards using the same clinic with paediatric dental patients living with HIV. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study that recruited 438 children aged 8-15 years attending three paediatric dental clinics located in Southern Nigeria. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The dependent variables were perception of cross infection control and attitude towards children living with HIV. The independent variables were age, sex, socioeconomic status and location of clinic. Chi-square analysis was conducted to determine the associations between the dependent and independent variables. Logistic regression analysis was also conducted to assess the effect size of the associations between the dependent and independent variables. The level of statistical significance was inferred at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Majority of the respondents agreed that it was necessary to wear gloves (98.6%) and facemasks (88.1%) during patients' management. More females 62(28.2%) than males 38(17.4%) assumed gloves were used by dentists to protect themselves from patients' bad breath (p=0.007). More children from Benin 97(64.2%) were aware that face masks protect the dentists and the patients (p=0.004), and a few believed that it is embarrassing to patients for dentists to wear facemasks (p=0.001). More children 102(70.8%) from Ile-Ife perceived that face masks protects from bad breath (p=0.004).Children less than 10 years (AOR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.42-1.70; p=0.64), with high socioeconomic status (AOR: 0.90; 95% CI:0.53-1.52; p=0.70) and children aged 10 to 14 years (AOR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.44-1.63; p=0.62), in the middle socioeconomic status (AOR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.39-1.33; p=0.30) were less willing to use the dental clinic alongside children living with HIV. CONCLUSION: There were sex, and clinic location disparity in the perception and attitude of children towards the use of Personal Protective Equipment and the use of the dental clinic alongside children living with HIV.


INTRODUCTION: L'utilisation de masques faciaux et de gants peut prévenir une éventuelle infection croisée entre les patients dentaires et les praticiens de santé. OBJECTIF: L'étude a identifié la perception des patients dentaires pédiatriques sur la nécessité pour les dentistes d'utiliser des masques et des gants ; et leur attitude vis-à-vis de l'utilisation de la même clinique avec des patients dentaires pédiatriques vivant avec le VIH. MÉTHODES: Il s'agit d'une étude transversale qui a recruté 438 enfants âgés de 8 à 15 ans fréquentant trois cliniques dentaires pédiatriques situées dans le sud du Nigeria. ANALYSE STATISTIQUE: Les variables dépendantes étaient la perception du contrôle des infections croisées et l'attitude envers les enfants vivant avec le VIH. Les variables indépendantes étaient l'âge, le sexe, le statut socio-économique et le lieu de la clinique. Une analyse du chi carré a été réalisée pour déterminer les associations entre les variables dépendantes et indépendantes. Une analyse de régression logistique a également été réalisée pour évaluer la taille de l'effet des associations entre les variables dépendantes et indépendantes. Le niveau de signification statistique a été déduit à P < 0,05. RÉSULTATS: La majorité des répondants étaient d'accord pour dire qu'il était nécessaire de porter des gants (98,6 %) et des masques (88,1 %) pendant la prise en charge des patients. Plus de femmes 62(28,2%) que d'hommes 38(17,4%) ont supposé que les gants étaient utilisés par les dentistes pour se protéger de la mauvaise haleine des patients (p=0,007). Plus d'enfants béninois 97(64,2%) savaient que les masques faciaux protègent les dentistes et les patients (p=0,004), et quelques-uns pensaient que le port de masques faciaux par les dentistes était gênant pour les patients (p=0,001). Les enfants de moins de 10 ans (AOR : 0.85 ; 95% CI : 0.42-1.70 ; p=0.64), avec un statut socio-économique élevé (AOR : 0.90 ; 95% CI:0.53-1.52 ; p=0.70) et les enfants âgés de 10 à 14 ans (AOR : 0,85 ; IC 95% : 0,44-1,63; p=0,62), au statut socio-économique moyen (AOR : 0,72 ; IC 95% : 0,39-1,33 ; p=0,30) étaient moins disposés à utiliser la clinique dentaire aux côtés des enfants vivant avec le VIH. CONCLUSION: Il y avait une disparités de sexe et de lieu de clinique dans la perception et l'attitude des enfants vis-à-vis de l'utilisation des équipements de protection individuelle et de l'utilisation de la clinique dentaire avec les enfants vivant avec le VIH. Mots clés: Masque, Gants, VIH, Discriminatoire, Enfants.


Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar , Infecções por HIV , Criança , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Estudos Transversais , Clínicas Odontológicas , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Masculino , Máscaras , Nigéria , Percepção , Equipamento de Proteção Individual
4.
West Afr J Med ; 39(5): 459-464, 2022 May 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35633623

RESUMO

AIM: The study assessed the Plaque and Gingival scores of rural Nigerian school children before and after supervised school brushing program. METHODS: This was an interventional study of 96 children aged 6 to 12 years in selected rural primary schools in Enugu, Nigeria. Data on sex, age, type of school, Plaque score and Gingival score were collected. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and student's t- test was used to compare means. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There were 45(46.9%) male and 51(53.1%) female participants and their mean age was 8.45±1.83years. Forty nine(51.0%) children attended private school while 47(49.0%) attended public school. Only 10(10.4%) had good Plaque score while 8(8.3%) had healthy gingiva. Before intervention, 83(86.5%) children used tooth brush as cleansing tool, 7(7.3%) children brushed twice a day while after the intervention, 96(100.0%) children used toothbrush and 39(40.6%) children brushed twice a day. Also, before intervention, there was significant association between Plaque scores (p=0.012), Gingival scores (p<0.001) and type of school attended. The mean plaque score for the school children before and after intervention was 2.17±0.57, and 1.28±0.49 respectively and the change was statistically significant (p=0.01). The mean gingival score before and after intervention was 1.23±0.67 and 0.31±0.49 respectively and the change was also statistically significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Children who attended private schools had better Plaque and Gingival scores than those who attended public schools. Supervised school tooth brushing program improved the plaque and gingival scores of rural primary school children in the study population.


OBJECTIF: L'étude a évalué les scores plaque et gingival deles écoliers nigérians ruraux avant et après l'école supervisée programme de brossage. MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude interventionnelle portant sur 96 enfants âgés de 6 à 12 ans dans certaines écoles primaires rurales d'Enugu,Nigéria. Données sur le sexe, l'âge, le type d'école, le score de plaque et Le score gingival a été recueilli. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide de SPSSla version 20 et le test t de l'élève ont été utilisés pour comparer les moyennes.P<0,05 a été jugé significatif. RÉSULTATS: Il y avait 45 (46,9 %) hommes et 51 (53,1 %) femmes et leur âge moyen était de 8,45 ±1,83 an. Quarante-neuf(51,0 %) enfants fréquentaient l'école privée tandis que 47 (49,0 %)fréquenté l'école publique. Seulement 10 (10,4 %) avaient un bon score de plaquetandis que 8 (8,3 %) avaient une gencive saine. Avant l'intervention,83 (86,5 %) enfants utilisaient la brosse à dents comme outil de nettoyage, 7 (7,3 %) les enfants se brossent les dents deux fois par jour après l'intervention,96 (100,0 %) enfants ont utilisé une brosse à dents et 39 (40,6 %) enfants brossé deux fois par jour. De plus, avant l'intervention, il y avait association significative entre les scores de plaque (p = 0,012), Scores gingivaux (p<0,001) et type d'école fréquentée. Le score moyen de plaque pour les écoliers avant et après était de 2,17 ±0,57 et 1,28 ±0,49 respectivement et était statistiquement significative (p = 0,01). La gencive moyenne le score avant et après l'intervention était de 1,23±0,67 et 0,31±0,49respectivement et le changement était également statistiquement significatif(p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Les enfants qui fréquentaient des écoles privées avaient de meilleurs scores de plaque et de gingival que ceux qui y ont assisté écoles publiques. Programme de brossage des dents scolaire supervisé amélioré les scores de plaque et de gingival de l'école primaire rurale les enfants de la population étudiée. Mots-clés: Supervisé, brossage des dents, rural, écoliers.


Assuntos
Gengiva , Escovação Dentária , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Instituições Acadêmicas
5.
Niger J Clin Pract ; 24(9): 1300-1306, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34531341

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to identify the prevalence and associated factors of dental caries in primary school children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 657 primary school children from South East, Nigeria. Data on age, sex, birth rank, dental visits, oral hygiene status, and enamel defects were collected. The presence of dental caries was recorded by using the World Health Organization criteria. Mean DMFT/dmft scores were determined and SPSS version 21 was used for analysis. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were conducted and P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The study participants were 316 (48.1%) males and 341 (51.9%) females, and their mean age was 8.41 ± 2.18 years. The prevalence of caries was 22.7% while the mean DMFT and dmft scores were 0.10 and 0.45, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between birth rank (P = 0.04), oral hygiene status (P = 0.05), enamel defects (P < 0.001), and dental caries. Multivariate regression analysis showed that good oral hygiene (OR = 0.180, CI: 0.036-1.003, P = 0.04), fair oral hygiene (OR = 0.576, CI: 0.345-0.993, P = 0.04) and enamel defects (OR = 4.939, CI = 2.406-10.137, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of caries in this study. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dental caries in this study was high. Oral hygiene and enamel defects were predictors of dental caries in the study population.


Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Índice CPO , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Higiene Bucal , Prevalência , Instituições Acadêmicas
6.
West Afr J Med ; 38(8): 791-799, 2021 08 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34505463

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID -19), is an infectious disease that has become a major public health emergency of international concern. It is necessary that Nigerian dental students have adequate knowledge about prevention/control of COVID-19 pandemic in dental practice. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception about COVID-19 among Nigerian dental students and its impact on their academic life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A web-based questionnaire assessing knowledge and perception with a total of 46 scoreable responses was created using Survey Monkey, an online survey tool. We surveyed 178 out of 507 clinical dental students attending the 10 dental schools. Bivariate analysis was conducted to test the association between students' age, gender and knowledge and perception of COVID 19 infection. Logistic regression was also conducted to determine the predictors of having good knowledge of COVID 19. The effect of all significant factors was inferred at P< 0.05. RESULTS: The mean knowledge score of the dental students about infection control and COVID-19 was 32.19 (SD: 7.30, Range: 2-46). Knowledge scores significantly differed across genders, age-groups, class levels, university of study, previous lectures on infection prevention and control and risk-perception. The linear regression analysis showed that male gender (vs. female, ß: 0.242, P<0.001), age-group of 18-24 years (vs. 45-54years, ß: -0.305, P<0.001), class level 600 (vs. 500 level, ß: -0.154, P<0.001), previous lectures on infection prevention and control (vs. no lecture, ß: -0.186 , P=0.007), and a high-risk perception of COVID-19 ( vs. low-risk perception, ß: 0.220, P=0.001) were significantly associated with higher knowledge scores. CONCLUSION: The students were knowledgeable about mode of transmission, complications and diagnosis of COVID-19 but had limited understanding of the extra precautionary measures against COVID-19. These results imply that there is a need for an update of the infection prevention and control curriculum for dental students and improved quality assurance.


CONTEXTE: La maladie à virus Corona 2019 (COVID -19) est une maladie infectieuse qui est devenue une urgence de santé publique majeure de portée internationale. Il est nécessaire que les étudiants nigérians en médecine dentaire aient des connaissances adéquates sur la prévention / le contrôle de la pandémie de COVID-19 dans la pratique dentaire. Cette étude visait à évaluer les connaissances et la perception du COVID-19 parmi les étudiants en médecine dentaire nigérians et son impact sur leur vie universitaire. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES: Un questionnaire en ligne évaluant les connaissances et la perception avec un total de 46 réponses notables a été créé à l'aide de Survey Monkey, un outil de sondage en ligne. Nous avons interrogé 178 des 507 étudiants cliniques dentaires qui fréquentent les 10 écoles dentaires. Une analyse bivariée a été menée pour tester l'association entre l'âge, le sexe et les connaissances des étudiants et leur perception de l'infection au COVID 19. Une régression logistique a également été menée pour déterminer les prédicteurs d'une bonne connaissance de COVID 19. L'effet de tous les facteurs significatifs a été déduit à P < 0,05. RÉSULTATS: Le score de connaissance moyen des étudiants en médecine dentaire sur le contrôle des infections et le COVID-19 était de 32,19 (ET : 7,30, intervalle : 2 à 46). Les scores de connaissances différaient significativement selon les sexes, les groupes d'âge, les niveaux de classe, l'université d'études, les conférences précédentes sur la prévention et le contrôle des infections et la perception des risques. L'analyse de régression linéaire a montré que le sexe masculin (vs. , tranche d'âge des 18-24 ans (vs 45-54 ans, : -0,305, P<0,001), classe niveau 600 (vs. 500 niveau, : -0,154, P<0,001), cours précédents sur l'infection la prévention et le contrôle (vs. pas de cours, : -0,186, P=0,007), et une perception à haut risque de COVID-19 (vs. perception à faible risque, : 0,220, P=0,001) étaient significativement associées à une notes de connaissances. CONCLUSION: Les étudiants connaissaient le mode de transmission, les complications et le diagnostic du COVID-19, mais avaient une compréhension limitée des mesures de précaution supplémentaires contre le COVID-19. Ces résultats impliquent qu'il est nécessaire de mettre à jour le programme de prévention et de contrôle des infections pour les étudiants en médecine dentaire et d'améliorer l'assurance qualité. Mots clés: Covid-19, Etudiants en médecine dentaire, Maladies infectieuses émergentes, Connaissances.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Estudantes de Odontologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nigéria , Pandemias , Percepção , SARS-CoV-2 , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
7.
Eur Arch Paediatr Dent ; 20(3): 257-265, 2019 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30506282

RESUMO

AIM: To determine the: prevalence of oral habits in children aged 1-12 years in Ife Central Local Government Area of Osun State Nigeria; association between oral habits and malocclusion in children aged 6-12 years; differences in orthodontic treatment needs of children with and without oral habits and the effect of digit sucking severity on occlusal profile. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that collected data through a household survey. Information collected included the age, gender, and oral habits of study participants. Intra-oral examination was conducted. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to assess orthodontic treatment needs for 6-12-year-old participants. Independent sample t test was used to compare mean DAI scores of participants with and without oral habits. A digit sucking severity index was developed and digit sucking severity was determined. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty (13.1%) study participants had 142 oral habits. The most common oral habit was digit sucking. The most common malocclusion traits were spacing (29.9%), crowding (21.7%) and increased overjet (16.4%). DAI scores were significantly higher in participants with tongue thrusting (p < 0.001) and bruxism (p = 0.01) habits compared with participants without the habits. Among the 67 participants with oral habits, 54 (80.6%) had no need for treatment, 9 (13.4%) needed elective treatment and treatment was mandatory for 4 (6.0%) participants. CONCLUSIONS: Digit sucking was the most frequently practiced oral habit in the study population. Tongue thrusting and bruxism were significantly associated with greater severity of malocclusion in children 6-12 years old when compared with peers who had no habits. Most children with oral habits had no need for treatment.


Assuntos
Sucção de Dedo , Má Oclusão , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Hábitos , Humanos , Lactente , Nigéria
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